解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Differences in the density of conspecific tree individuals in response to environmental gradients are well documented for many tree species, but how such density differences are generated and maintained is poorly understood. We examined the segregation of six dipterocarp species among three soil types in the Pasoh tro...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2529-z
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predicted changes in soil water availability regimes with climate and land-use change will impact the community of functionally important soil organisms, such as macro-detritivores. Identifying and quantifying the functional traits that underlie interspecific differences in desiccation resistance will enhance our abil...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2541-3
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal-pollinated invasive species have frequently been demonstrated to outcompete native species for pollinator attention, which can have detrimental effects on the reproductive success and population dynamics of native species. Many animal-pollinated invasive species exhibit showy flowers and provide substantial rew...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2513-7
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals in fragmented landscapes have a major challenge to move between high-quality habitat patches through lower-quality matrix. Two current mechanistic hypotheses that describe the movement used by animals outside of their preferred patches (e.g., high-quality habitat or home range) are the biased, correlated rando...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2475-9
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aggregations of different-looking animals are frequently seen in nature, despite well-documented selection pressures on individuals to maintain phenotypically homogenous groups. Two well-known theories, the 'confusion effect' (reduced ability of a predator to accurately target an individual in a group) and the 'oddity...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2473-y
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of phenotypic variation in nature often consider only a single potential selective agent. In such cases, it remains an open question as to whether variation attributed to that single measured agent might be influenced by some other unmeasured agent. Previous research has shown that phenotypic variation in the ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2485-7
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic atmospheric N deposition has modified relative N availability, altering the biogeochemical cycles of forests and the stoichiometry of nutrients in trees, inducing P limitation, and modifying the N:P ratios of plant biomass. This study examines how the variation in the foliar stoichiometry of Abies pinsapo acro...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2454-1
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both spatial processes and environmental control may structure metacommunities, but their relative importance may be contingent on the dispersal ability of organisms. I examined the roles of spatial and environmental factors for the structuring of littoral macroinvertebrate communities across a set of lakes in a borea...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2451-4
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prey subsidies originating from detritus add nutrients and energy to arboreal communities. Measurement of this subsidy is required in the understanding of how food web dynamics respond to changes in surrounding environments. Shrub spiders are one of the key predators involved in food web coupling. We evaluate the effe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2446-1
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many mammals, early survival differs between the sexes, with males proving the more fragile sex ["Fragile male (FM) hypothesis"], especially in sexually dimorphic species where males are the larger sex. Male-biased allocation (MBA) by females may offset this difference. Here, we evaluate support for the FM and MBA ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2469-7
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eriophorum vaginatum is a characteristic species of northern peatlands and a keystone plant for cutover bog restoration. Understanding the factors affecting E. vaginatum seedling establishment (i.e. growth dynamics and allocation) under global change has practical implications for the management of abandoned mined bog...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2415-8
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective communication regarding distance in the vertical dimension is critical for many ecological, climatological and broader geophysical studies of the Earth. Confusion exists regarding the definition of three English words commonly used to describe the vertical dimension: (1) elevation; (2) altitude; and (3) he...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2416-7
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conversion of forest into farmland has resulted in mosaic landscapes in many parts of the tropics. From a conservation perspective, it is important to know whether tropical farmlands can buffer species loss caused by deforestation and how different functional groups of birds respond to land-use intensification. To...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2422-9
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tooth enamel apatite carbonate carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of modern kangaroos (Macropus spp.) collected on a 900-km latitudinal transect spanning a C(3)-C(4) transition zone were analysed to create a reference set for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction in southern Australia. The carbon isotope composition of ena...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2425-6
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Niche partitioning of resources by plants is believed to be a fundamental aspect of plant coexistence and biogeochemical cycles; however, measurements of the timing and location of resource use are often lacking because of the difficulties of belowground research. To measure niche partitioning of soil water by grasses...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2390-0
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agricultural intensification (AI) is currently a major driver of biodiversity loss and related ecosystem functioning decline. However, spatio-temporal changes in community structure induced by AI, and their relation to ecosystem functioning, remain largely unexplored. Here, we analysed 16 quantitative cereal aphid-par...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2366-0
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the factors that affect establishment success of new species in established communities requires the study of both the ability of new species to establish and community resistance. Spatial pattern of species within a community can affect plant performance by changing the outcome of inter-specific competi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2376-y
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental filtering and niche differentiation are processes proposed to drive community assembly, generating nonrandom patterns in community trait distributions. Despite the substantial intraspecific trait variation present in plant communities, most previous studies of trait-based community assembly have used spe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2351-7
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbivory can reduce plant fitness, and its effects can be increased by competition. Though numerous studies have examined the joint effects of herbivores and competitors on plant performance, these interactive effects are seldom considered in the context of plant invasions. Here, we examined variation in plant perfor...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2328-6
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change is driving species range shifts worldwide. However, physiological responses related to distributional changes are not fully understood. Oceanographers have reported an increase in ocean temperature in the northwest Iberian Peninsula that is potentially related to the decline in some cold-temperate inter...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2324-x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small forest dwelling mammals are considered to be major consumers and vectors of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which have lost the ability of active spore discharge. Fungal spore dispersal by mycophagy is deemed an important process involved in forest regeneration, resilience and vitality, primarily based on...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2303-2
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the simultaneously hermaphroditic marine fish, Serranus subligarius, male role individuals are known to pair spawn, group spawn and streak spawn. While the effects of these common mating tactics on mating success in the male role have been well studied, their consequences for the reproductive success of the individ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2307-y
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal of modern ecology is to understand macroecological patterns based on their mechanistic underpinnings. The metabolic theory of ecology predicts a monotonic increase of biodiversity with temperature based on the principles of metabolism. For marine copepods, observations have shown that while biodiversity d...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2313-0
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although florivores can destroy significant amounts of sexual tissues and indirectly affect pollination, little is known about their preferences, which could shape the evolution of floral traits or defense. In this study, we used a gynodioecious plant Nemophila menziesii, and its main florivore Platyprepia virginalis,...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2278-z
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many small organisms in various life stages can be transported in the digestive system of larger vertebrates, a process known as endozoochory. Potential dispersal distances of these "propagules" are generally calculated after monitoring retrieval in experiments with resting vector animals. We argue that vectors in nat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2293-0
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenon of overyielding in species-diverse plant communities is mainly attributed to complementary resource use. Vertical niche differentiation belowground might be one potential mechanism for such complementarity. However, most studies that have analysed the diversity/productivity relationship and belowground ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2259-2
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemiparasitic plants tend to thrive in and significantly affect plant communities in low-nutrient, high-light environments. Hemiparasites are assumed to be weak competitors for light but strong parasites, leading to the prediction that effects on hosts and communities should be a function of resource supply. We invest...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2222-7
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that leaves of broad-leaved tree species are more highly defended at low latitudes than at high latitudes. We used canonical discriminant analysis to compare tree species from Panama (9°N, 39 species), Missouri, USA (38°N, 37 species), and southern Ontario, Canada (44°N, 34 species) with respe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2249-4
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mimicry between rewarding and non-rewarding flowers within individuals has been accepted as a strategy favored by selection to deceive pollinators. It has been proposed that this mechanism relies on the exploitation of pollinator's sensory biases, but field evidence is still scarce. In this study, we describe the mech...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2250-y
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global climate models forecast an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including severe droughts. Based on multi-year relationships between precipitation amount and aboveground annual net primary production (ANPP), semi-arid grasslands are projected to be among the most sensitive ecosyste...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2235-2
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::General scaling rules or constants for metabolic and structural plant allometry as assumed by the theory of Euclidian geometric scaling (2/3-scaling) or metabolic scaling (3/4-scaling) may meet human's innate propensity for simplicity and generality of pattern and processes in nature. However, numerous empirical works...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2240-5
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been widely used to study the relationship between nitrogen uptake and dry mass production in the plant. As a subsystem of plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), I have defined leaf-level NUE as the surplus production (gross production minus leaf respiration) per unit amount of nitrogen...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2223-6
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why can alien species succeed in environments to which they have had no opportunity to adapt and even become more abundant than many native species? Ecological theory suggests two main possible answers for this paradox: competitive superiority of exotic species over native species and opportunistic use of ecological o...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2203-x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that a heterogeneous environment enhances species richness and allows for the coexistence of species. However, there is increasing evidence that environmental heterogeneity can have no effect or even a negative effect on plant species richness and plant coexistence at a local scale. We examined w...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2211-x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anuran amphibians have traditionally been considered suitable model organisms for community ecology studies. In this paper, we review and quantitatively re-analyze the original studies published on dietary relationships among anuran communities worldwide. We re-analyzed 33 independent communities from all continents, ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2204-9
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increases in woody vegetation and declines in grasses in arid and semi-arid ecosystems have occurred globally since the 1800s, but the mechanisms driving this major land-cover change remain uncertain and controversial. Working in a shrub-encroached grassland in the northern Chihuahuan Desert where grasses and shrubs t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2217-4
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::How pathogens affect their hosts is a key question in infectious disease ecology, and it can have important influences on the spread and persistence of the pathogen. Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the etiological agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans. A better understanding of SNV in its reservoir host, th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2219-2
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to understand habitat selection, it is important to consider the way individual animals assess the suitability of a future reproductive site. One way of investigating mechanisms (such as those involved in nest site selection) is to examine breeding success and habitat characteristics in terms of animals retur...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2193-8
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ideal free distribution (IFD) models predict that animals distribute themselves such that no individual can increase its fitness by moving to another patch. Many empirical tests assume that the interference among animals is independent of density and do not quantify the effects of density on fitness traits. Using two ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2190-y
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relationships between leaf traits and the gap dependence for regeneration, and ontogenetic changes therein, were investigated in juvenile and adult tropical rainforest tree species. The juveniles of the 17 species included in the study were grown in high light, similar to the exposed crowns of the adult trees. The tra...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2175-x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00